Portable X-ray units are gaining popularity as more affordable and space-saving alternatives to fixed, wall-mounted X-ray units in dental, medical and veterinary offices worldwide. Designed to be used by holding the portable X-ray unit with outstretched hands and then activated at arm's-length distance, portable X-ray units are challenging two of the core principles of radiation safety for technicians: distance and shielding.

X-ray operators are universally recommended to maintain a safe distance outside the “controlled zone”, or to remain shielded behind a protective lead wall, when operating X-ray units to avoid exposure from backscatter and radiation leakage. Although portable X-ray manufacturers typically include a lead shield within a portable X-ray unit, and/or a lead-embedded acrylic protective shield at the end of the X-ray tube head, improper use can put operators at risk of radiation exposure.

Studies show that the position of the device relative to the operator has a significant effect on the overall operator's radiation exposure. However, when portable X-ray units are used appropriately, there is no additional radiation exposure when compared to a traditional wall-mounted unit. Trouble occurs when operators are not properly trained on the portable unit.

THREE CRITICAL SAFETY STEPS

To ensure both patients and operators are safe when using portable X-ray units, experts recommend:

1. Proper training and protocols for use must be in place, and must be strictly adhered to.
2. Regular compliance audits, along with manufacturer-recommended equipment servicing.
3. Use of personal dosimeters when operating portable X-ray units.

The US Food & Drug Administration provides guidance on the hazards unique to handheld X-ray equipment, applicable requirements, and recommendations for safe use of the equipment. You can review their guidelines here.

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